Pavement



July 17, 1928. 1,677,829

c. H. JACK PAVEMENT Filed March 5, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet .1

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INVENToz.

` ATTORNEY.

Y f v I gx July 17, 1928.

c. H. JACK PAVEMENT Filed March s, 1927 2 sheets-sheet 2 I N VEN TOR.6CH Jaw/,

A TTORNEY.

Patented July 17, 1928'.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CLARENCE H. JACK, OFl VERSAILLES, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO LAYTON FIR-ECLAY COMPANY, OF MCKEESPORT, PENNSYLVANIA.

PAVEMENT. A

Application filed March 3, 1927. Serial No. 172,368,

This invention relates to a monolithic one course pavement, and has torits object to provide a permanent wear resisting one course monolithicterra cotta block pave- Iment that will be noiseless7 smooth, standheavy traliic and economical to constructand keep in repair.

Iavements that approach somewhat the characteristics aforesaid areconstructed of paving block laid on sand, gravel and broken stone, withsand or asphalt iiller. The bottoms of the blocks are fiat whereby whenthe blocks are compressed with only one weight of roller, not over tenton covering ten feet, the blocks get to working and rocking and allowthe water to get in from above which finally reaches the earthunderneath and the pavement soon goes to pieces. Thicker foundationswere tried7 also grout filler, but the thicker foundation did not seemto remedy the fault and the grout filler was a failure, as the expansionof the pavement caused the blocks to either crush or raise from thefoundation. The present invention overcomes these difficulties byproducing a structure which is homogeneous throughout its depth, andwaterproof, under suoli conditions the water cannot` get into it andfurther any water in the foundation will work its way out through theblocks, these latter provided with openings or channels, therebyresulting in stability and preventing displacement of structure, or anyparts thereof under the heaviest traic.

In `the practical construction of brick block pavements the abovementioned defects have been recognized and different modes of layinghave been adopted to overcome working, crushing and the entrance ofmoisture into the roadbed from above which causes disintegration of thefoundation of the pavement. The most effective of which is the laying ofthe pavement on a bed of concrete with a thin layer o cement and sandbetween the blocks and concrete and squeezing the asphalt into thejoints. `This combination` overcame some of the defects, but makes ahard, rough and noisy pavement, and it was found, that on account of themoisture in the aggregates ofthe concrete, that this concrete base woulddry out and crack and the entrance of moisture would get into theroadbed. To overcome this, the thickness or strength of theconembodiment of a pavement in accordance with this invention, as wellas the elements of the pavement and the means for producing certain ofsuch elements.

In the drawings wherein like reference characters denote correspondingparts throughout the several views:

Figure l is a perspective view ot a paving block in accordance with thisinvention employed in the production of the pavement.

Figure 2 is a. section on line 2-2 Figure l.

Figure 3 is a section on line 3 3 Figure l.

Figure 4 is a fragmentary view, in perspective, of a pavementconstructed in ac cordance with this invention.

Figure 5 is a transverse sectional view of a pavement constructed inaccordance with this invention.

Figure 6 is a top plan view of the mold for producing a pair ofconnected paving blocks.

Figure 7 is a top plan view of the pair of connected paving blocks whichare produced by the mold shown in Figure 6.

Referring to Figures l, 2 and 3 of the drawings, which illustrates apaving block in accordance with this invention, the body portion ot theblock is referred to generally by the reference character l andpreferably is of rectangular contour. The top 2, as well as the sides 3,4 of the body portion l are smooth and uninterrupted throughout. Thesides 8. LL, at the lower terminal por` tions thereof are oppositelybevelled at 5, (i respectively. The bodv portion l is formed with alengthwise extending groove 7 which is coextensive with the length. ofthe body portion l and said groove opens at the bottom 8 ot' the block.The upper part of the wall of the groove 7- is of circular contour asindicated at 9 and said part 9 terminates in a pair of oppositelyextending inclined Wall-'torniing parts 10, 11 which terminate in thebottom 8 ot the body portion 1. 'llhe Wall :torming parts 10, 11', inconnection with the bevels 5, (3 form the body portion 1 at the lowerpart thereof with a pair of tapered projections 12 and with the outersides of said projections of less height than inondation. rlfhe shape etthe block will pr ide ,tor the torcling oit the earth 'therein andcompress it thereby forming a key which will connect the block to thenatural. earth. The body portion 1 is torined at cach sie e ot thegroove 7 vith a set of lengthwise ei;- tendine," openings 13 and eachoit. the projections 1() are tormed with a lengthwise extending openingl1.a.- ot greater diameter than any ot' the openingrs 13 and 'whichprovides a d ain. Below each opening` 14 the body portion 1 is 'termedwith an opening 15. 'lflie openings 13e 1li and 15 extend trom the endlo `ot the 4block to the end 17 thereof. The ends 1G andi? of the blockare smooth. The openingrs let, when the blocks are set up, Wilt provideacontinuous drain trom one side o!" the pavement to the other and drainthe n'ioisture out ofthe iliavement during the rolling); andcompressing)l and after construction.A The openings 13 and 15 areprovided for the entrance oi the filler, to be hereinafter regi rz'edto.`r into the body portion 1. Referring to Figurey (3 a mold isillustrateth to produce a pair oi oppositelyr eX- tending connectedblocks 18, 19 (see Figure i Y i) and` the said blocks are .severed atthe points indicatcdlll, thereby providing` tor a block ofthe form asshown in Figure 1 the drawings. The mold includes aA body portion 21provided with a core 23 to form the groove 7 and said body portion21 isfurthermore lormed ivith verticallydisposed p: Q5, QG. The pegs 25 areof greater dn meter than the pegs 2 and thesel latter are otx greaterdiameter than the pegs 24. The number oit pcgsd provide for thetormintein the block the e'roup `ot openings i3. The number o't pees 25will provide for the forming;1 of a pair ot openings .latin each ot theblocks and the number of pegs 2ol will provide 'tor the forming' thepair ot opening" tion 2r constructed with. tour sets of pegs 2.4i, tivopair oit pegs 25 and tour pair ot pegs 26 and the core 23 is of siichshape) that 8 in the blocks. v'lihe' body por-r in connection with thenumber ofi pegs as stated, will. provide for the simultaneous moldingo'l the pair of connected blocks 18, 1S). rlhc core isconstructcd with.a pair ot spaced circular endr parts 28 and an intermediate part 29formed with a pair of oppositely disposed ll-shaped portions 29 arrangedbetween, merge into and project beyond the circular end parts 28. Thebody portion. is further formed with oppositely disposed it-shapedormers opposingspaced from the ii-shaped portions 29 and providing' thebevelled portions 5, 6 ot the block. lhe it-shapedportions29 formtheinclined Wall portions4 107 With reterencc to Figures l and 5;. thepavement is indicated at 3G. The ultimate base of a foundation is theearth, take any road 'when is dry and you can drive a heavy load over itthe idea in mind of preserving' this condition, rthe openings in theblocks will drain the Water or moisture out of the pavement duringconstruction,v and also afterA tliepavenient is coinplctechv as theseopenings will' maire a continuous drain lfroymone sideiot' the road tothe other and'iwill not iill up with the filler to any great extentasthe` earth or other material Will squeeze up a` derneath. The roadbedis Asprinkled and brought upl to conform to the cross section ofthepavementrequired when finished and all soft and spong'y material isremoved and replaced with suitable materials.` The saine is brought upto the grade with a template made in the shape of the top surfacerequired when nished and `,the blocks are laid' in even parallelicoursestransversely to the` line ot' the pavement, care being taken to breakjoints with the previous course. After theblocks are laid the pavementiscleaned and rolled with a lightroller and places not accessible to theroller are tampechthenthe pavement is rolledjvjith aheavy roller and.

places not accessible to the heavy roller must be tamped with a powertamper or other tamper equal to the Weight of thevrollevr.

The coinpressingrot the pavement must continue untilthe keyshapede'roove in the bloc-.rs are iilled and compactand `the pavementpresents a smooth and even. surface iith scarcely a Wheel' niark,therefore the pavement is built With` .lio

conforming to the lines and grades given by the engineer. Over thispavement will be poured asphaltic cement of such consistency that itwill seek all the spaces around the blocks and the reinforcing holes inthe blocks, or rather the openings i3 in the blocks, then there shall bespread thereover red hot kiln dried sand that will pass a one tenth ofan inch screen and the sand broomed in immediately while it is hot sothat the sand will sink down into the pitch and mix with it, then thepavement is to be rolled or'compressed while hot so that it will form acomplete substantial conglomer ate. In lieu of employing a filler ofasphaltic cement and red hot kiln dried sand, lime grout mixed so thatit will seek all openings around the blocks and in the blocks and driedsand that will pass a one eighth of an inch screen :is employed. Cementgrout or plaster of Paris gront mixed with one to two parts of sand mayalso be used. The sub-grade is smoothed up with a light coat of sand orgravel.

The sub-grade is prepared in such a man ner as will require noartificial foundation, and all hard substances are removed to within sixinches of the block. The sub-grade after being rolled or compressed andbrought to conform to the contour of the finished pavement is to besprinkled with one gallon of water to the square yard of surface. Thefiller of pitch or bituminous cement is applied hot and of suchconsistency and such quantity that when applied it will enter theopenings in the blocks and the spaces between the blocks and make acoating over all, over which a coating shall be applied of red hot sandthat will pass a one tenth of an inch screen while the pitch is hot andin sufiicient quantities to fill the spaces between the blocks and makea coating over all. The sand is to be broomed in while hot so that itwill sink down into the pitch and mix with the same. Before the pavementis cool it should be rolled until it forms a solid and compactconglomerate. The openings 13 will provide for reinforcing the pavement,in that the filler will enter such openings and further will drain thepavement during construction and after completion. l

It is thought the many advantages of a pavement, constructed inaccordance with this invention, can be readily understood, and althoughthe preferred embodiment of the invention is as hereinbefore referredto, it is to be understood that changes in the details of constructionof the'pavement can be had which will fall withiny the scope of theinvention as claimed.

What I claim is:

1. A paving block comprising a body portion formed with a lengthwiseextending groove in its bottom, said groove being of key-hole shape incross section, the lower part of the wall of said groove beingoppositely flared to provide the lower portion of the blocks withtapered parts, said body portion at each side of said groove formed withlengthwise extending openings.

2. A paving block comprising a body portion formed in its lower facewith a groove extending lengthwise thereof, the wall of said groovehaving a circular upper part and a pair of oppositely flared lower partsforming the lower part of said body portion with a pair of taperedportions.

3. A paving block comprising a body portion formed in its lower facewith a groove extending lengthwise thereof, the wall of said groovehaving a circular upper pai't and a pair of oppositely fiared lowerparts forming the lower part of said body portion with a pair of taperedportions, said body portion further formed at each side of said grooveswith lengthwise extending openings.

4. A paving block comprising a body portion formed in its lower facewith a groove extending lengthwise thereof, the wall of said groovehaving a circular upper part and a pair of oppositely flared lower partsforniing the lower part of said body portion with a. pair of taperedportions, said body portion formed at each side of said groove withlengthwise extending openings, one of the openings at each side of saidgrooves being of greater diameter than the other of the openings on suchside.

. 5. A paving block comprising a body portion formed in its lower facewith a groove extending lengthwise thereof, the wall of said groovehaving a circular upper part and a pair of oppositely flared lower partsforming the lower part of said body portion with a pair of taperedportions, said body portion formed at each side of said groove withlengthwise extending openings, one of the openings at each side of saidgrooves being of greater diameter than the other of the openings on suchside, said body portion having the sides thereof at the lower partoppositely bevelled.

l 6. A pavement consisting of a sub-grade free of artificial foundation,spaced courses of blocks provided with lengthwise extending openingsthrough the bodv thereof and further formed with groovesuin theirbottoms for the entrance of portions of the sub grade therein and withthe walls of the grooves coacting with the said portions of thesub-grade to anchor the blocks thereto, and ceinentitious materialincluding dry sand providing a coating throughout for the surface of theblocks and further extending into the openings and between the coursesand between the blocks of the courses.

In testimony whereof, Iaflix my signature hereto.

.CLARENCE H. JACK.

llO

